1 Samuel 25:22

Authorized King James Version

So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וְכֹ֣ה

H3541

properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה

H6213

also do

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֱלֹהִ֛ים

H430

God

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

לְאֹֽיְבֵ֥י

H341

unto the enemies

hating; an adversary

דָוִ֖ד

H1732

of David

david, the youngest son of jesse

וְכֹ֣ה

H3541

properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

יֹסִ֑יף

H3254

and more

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

אִם

H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

אַשְׁאִ֧יר

H7604

if I leave

properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant

#10

מִכָּל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

#11

אֲשֶׁר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#12

ל֛וֹ

#13

עַד

H5704

of all that pertain to him by

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

#14

הַבֹּ֖קֶר

H1242

the morning

properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning

#15

מַשְׁתִּ֥ין

H8366

any that pisseth

(causatively) to make water, i.e., urinate

#16

בְּקִֽיר׃

H7023

against the wall

a wall (as built in a trench)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine sovereignty address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine sovereignty differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?

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